🧾 Introduction
This chapter explores the concept of electric potential, potential difference, and capacitance. It is one of the most important chapters for Boards, NEET, and JEE, as it builds the foundation for electrostatics numericals and problem-solving.
🔑 Key Topics
1️⃣ Electric Potential
Definition: Work done per unit charge in bringing a positive test charge from infinity to a point in the electric field.
Relation with Electric Field:
2️⃣ Potential Due to a Point Charge
Directly proportional to charge
Inversely proportional to distance
3️⃣ Potential Due to Multiple Charges
Superposition Principle:
4️⃣ Potential Due to an Electric Dipole
where 'p' is dipole moment.
5️⃣ Equipotential Surfaces
Surface on which electric potential is the same everywhere
Work done in moving charge on equipotential surface = Zero
6️⃣ Capacitance
Definition: Ability of a system to store electric charge
Unit: Farad (F)
7️⃣ Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor
where
A = area of plates
d = separation between plates
8️⃣ Effect of Dielectric
where K = dielectric constant
9️⃣ Combination of Capacitors
🎯 Why This Chapter Matters
Very important for Boards & NEET
Many numericals are asked directly on series/parallel combination of capacitors, energy stored, and potential difference
📝 Assignment Questions
1. Derive expression for potential due to a point charge.
2. Derive capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab of thickness .
3. Solve: Three capacitors of 4 µF, 6 µF, 12 µF are connected in parallel. Find total capacitance.
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